We need the following definitions: An integral domain is a commutative unitary ring with no zero divisors. A principal ideal domain (PID) is an integral domain in which every ideal can be generated by one element. A unique factorization domain (UFD) is an integral domain in which factorization of integers into primes is unique. (more details later). An integral domain R is said to be a Euclidean ring if for every a≠0 in R there is a defined integer d(a) such that: For all a,b € R, both non zero, d(a) ≤d(ab). For all a,b € R, both non zero, there exists t,r € R such that a=tb+r where either r=0 ...

The Agenda 2030 is the global cause of the era that created a commitment towards achieving the 17 sustainable goals through international partnerships at the private and public sectors levels. In this thesis, the researcher attempts to examine the strategic communication process that UN GCNL is implementing to foster and spread the mission among stakeholders through the scope of the media and a hybrid approach. Reflecting on the campaigns, programs and activities as well as their impact on building the public agenda, strengthening trust, loyalty and reputation under the lens of the framing and ...

Mobility attracts many developers and system designers; it will give us the ability to use our computers with no physical limitations with respect to connections. This thesis will try to introduce the main concepts that define mobile computing in our days. It will identify the challenges that face mobile computing and their impact on current developments in this area. Location management and how the cellular networks function is defined and described. We will conduct a comparison between protocols in location management with respect to network messages and database operations. In the IS-41 model ...

Shopping through Instagram has recently become a trend in the Lebanese market lately with hundreds of Instagram pages dedicated to selling goods and having them delivered to consumers' addresses. The purpose of this study is to analyze this new trend and find out if it is taking over the traditional online shopping through regular retail websites. One of the objectives of this thesis is to fill the gap of previous literature that did not provide an in depth investigation of the Instagram shopping trend in Lebanon. The theories that will frame the study are the shopping preference theory, which ...

In this thesis, we demonstrate how developers can make use of the model driven architecture (MDA) techniques to make the software development process more reliable, robust and less costly. We will focus on discussing a set of transformation techniques that together, transform a PSM (Platform Specific Model) into a code model written in Visual Basic.NET and an ER (Entity Relationship) model developed using SQL (Structured query Language) and targeting the Microsoft SQL Server relational database management system. The source model is assumed to be represented using UML (Unified Modeling Language). ...

The scheduling problem is one of the most challenging problems faced in many different areas of everyday life. This problem can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem, and it has been solved with various methods using heuristics and intelligent algorithms. We present in this research an efficient solution to the scheduling problem using two different heuristics namely Simulated Annealing and Ant Colony Optimization. A study comparing the performances of both solutions is described and the results are analyzed.

Background The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) is an instrument that screens elderly respondents for physical functioning and assesses whether they are dependent or independent in their daily activities. This study demonstrates a translation procedure and obtains the reliability and validity of a translated, Arabic ADL. Methods The ADL was translated to Arabic through a forward translation method followed by a committee-consensual approach. The ADL and the Arabic Mini-Mental State Examination (AMMSE) were administered to an opportunistic sample of 354 Lebanese elderly living in nursing homes ...

Purpose–The purpose of this thesis is to develop a conceptual model that connects factors affecting students’ enrollment in Higher Education Institutions and evaluates the extent to which these factors are influencing institutions’ Value at Risk (VaR). Design/methodology/approach–Structural PCA modeling was employed in this study to examine the association of institutions’ admissions and different influence parameters, and to derive corresponding VaR as a measure of financial risks. Questionnaires were also completed by Grade Ten students of eight different high schools, prior and post orientation ...

The United States has direct interests in the Middle East due to the region's strategic and economic importance in the world. Following the end of the World War II, with the newly acquired American supremacy in the Middle East, several principle concerns made the region crucial to the US¹. First, beginning in the 1950s there was a bipolar competition between the U.S. and the threat of confrontation in the Middle East. The US was threatened by the Soviet Union, a nuclear power, perceived as having expansionist goals, which, if not contained, would lead to serious consequences. Since World War ...