This evolution of the traditional Lebanese houses has seemed to come to an end not only with the improper and excessive use of concrete, but mainly with the shift from the equilibrium with the environment. Although, these vernacular structures are disappearing, intelligent methods of construction must be acknowledged by tracing their evolution and bringing out their natural environmental character. Man's drive for comfort is achieved through dependenncy on non-renewable energy technologies. The advantages of energy conservation in buildings are financial, social and ecological. The purpose of ...

Following the developments of the world's population, alternative sources of protein to the complement and / or replacement of animal proteins are subject to intense development efforts in research and industries. Climate change and a better understanding of the environmental impact of food production have created an urgent need to develop sustainable food systems. The demand for plant-based proteins is due to multiple factors, the vegetarian, vegan and flexitarian populations have promoted the use of plant-based proteins in the production of food products. In addition, there is a global challenge ...

The aim of this thesis is to better understand the history of fake news and its evolution from the old times, starting with the storytelling technique, until today, with the social media and the internet. In order to clarify the idea of fake news and its impact on the audience, a sketch was picked from the Lebanese satire program, previously aired on LBCI, Bassmat watan, in order to study it. The case study was revolving around the sketch of Oussama Bin Laden in the mentioned program and the perception of the audience through the message that is transmitted by the media. The study aimed to ...

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to investigate the differences and similarities that may exist between female and male principals’ leadership styles in Catholic schools in South Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach – This study used the mixed methods design. More specifically, the study adopted the Explanatory Sequential Design and worked with primary data. It started by collecting and analyzing quantitative data through a surveybased questionnaire, then collected and analyzed the qualitative data through two focus groups. In the first phase, the deductive approach, with a ...

Purpose – The purpose of the present research is to analyze the barriers affecting the readiness of digital transformation implementation in the manufacturing enterprises in Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach – The research implemented a mixed approach using survey based questionnaires and interviews in order to understand the barriers that could impact the readiness of manufacturing organizations for digital transformation. The research implemented a deductive approach therefore it relied on previous studies and theories to validate the research hypotheses, and followed the positivism ...

Throughout its history, Lebanon has had diverse relations with a multitude of countries. Many of these relations faded away, others have changed drastically. However, one that has remained little changed and is today as strong as ever, is the relationship with the Holy See. This makes any observer wonder about the reasons for this solid relationship. While reviewing the long years of the history of the relationship between the two countries, this paper aimed at showing how stable and unchanged the Holy See diplomacy was in Lebanon. To do that, it was necessary to start from the very beginning, ...

The power to settle international disputes with binding authority distinguishes the World Trade Organization from most other intergovernmental institutions. The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes gives the WTO unprecedented power to resolve trade-related conflicts between nations and assign penalties and compensation to the parties involved. A Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) that consists of the WTO's General Council administers dispute settlement. The DSB has the authority to "establish panels, adopt panel and Appellate Body reports, maintain ...

This article deals with the disabilities-employment nexus. Based on an empirical survey of employability of women with disabilities in the Italian province of South Tyrol in 1993, it provides both significant scientific results on the topic, as well as dealing with the theoretical weaknesses and gaps in social science research at the time in Central Europe. At the end of the 20th century, studies on disabilities largely ignored issues related to gender and sexuality. Inversely, work done in the fields of women’s, men’s and gender studies rarely dealt with the problems facing the ‘handicapped’, ...

The purpose of this thesis is to plan, design, and implement a real and complete lifetime solution for many applications to provide developers and designers with a strong and a good pattern for future development. We have developed a well structured solution, which is basically meant for helping anyone who is involved in the software development cycle in (i) separating the layers, as well as (ii) shortening the development time of the user interface layer, and (iii) controlling the flow of these interfaces. Not to forget (iv) helping the developer with the creation of the data entities, this ...

In recent years, high-technology industries pioneered the globalization of international business. A firm's success often depends on how well it transfers technology to other firms or foreign markets. Transnational technology transfer faces greater problems across borders than within a domestic environment because it confronts differing cultures, norms, laws, tax policies, and other barriers to entry. This begs the questions; what are the main factors and strategies involved in negotiating a successful international technology transfer, especially in a unique high-tech industry, and with a high ...