Humans are exposed to a notable variety of toxicants including lead as a heavy metal resulting from occupations and through environmental accumulation as in the Lebanese coastal and freshwaters. It is well established that lead exposure in the workplace contributes to worker infertility and decreased reproductive efficiency. Several reports have reported the detrimental impact toxic effects on human male reproduction by subsiding libido, spermatogenesis, semen quality, hormonal production and regulation, and much more. The objectives of this study were to inspect the effects of ...