The purpose of the study was to investigate the new roles of principals—as managers, instructors and change or reform agents—as perceived and practiced by leaders in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and the United States of America (USA), and as perceived and practiced by their counterparts in Lebanon. This study documented how principals performed their new roles by matching their self- perceived and perceived leadership management styles with their behaviors while working together with subject coordinators and teachers to implement the school vision ...