This thesis delves into the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine, specifically focusing on Pillar three. Pillar three presents the greatest challenge among the components of the doctrine, as it grants authorization for the use of force and involves the delicate balance between safeguarding human rights and interfering in states' sovereignty. The research investigates the influence of political dynamics within the permanent five members of the UN Security Council on the adoption of resolutions pertaining to military intervention. The primary objective is to cultivate a well-informed and balanced ...

This thesis seeks to analyze the role of regional organizations, specifically the European Union in dealing with external crisis. Furthermore, the research will focus on the development of EU treaties and mechanisms that influenced its foreign policy and security and defense policies in the context of foreign intervention. This study will target two considerations that are required for international involvement. Two case studies, which are the Kosovo Crisis and Ukraine Crisis, will be compared to reflect on the considerations that affected the European Union decision to intervene and the different ...

The central subject in the South China Sea is over who has power and rule over the islands and their adjacent waters as well as independent right and influence in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf determined from the islands, low-tide elevations, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, maritime boundary delimitation and dispute settlement are all valid and support in resolving and highlighting the issue of the South China Sea. The ASEAN claimants, mostly since 2009, have gone through several procedures and modifications in their demands to clarify their claims trying ...

The impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War on European security dynamics cannot be underestimated. This research provides an extensive analysis of how this war has affected various aspects across eight chapters. It delves into regional dynamics with a special focus on how countries like those in the Baltic region have responded to changing security threats by prioritizing defense measures and promoting cooperation within their region. Additionally, it considers NATO's role in managing security implications generated by this conflict while emphasizing that achieving credible deterrence without unintended ...

Infrastructure privatization is initiated through various modes by different countries and can generally include the construction of new privately owned facilities, privatization of existing facilities, concessions or leases, and project financing. B.O.T. [Build-Operate- Transfer] means the government grants investment enterprises an operational concession for a period, permits them to construct and administrate certain public infrastructures by financing, and authorizes them to pay off loans, reclaim investment and make a profit through charging from users or selling products. At the expiration ...

Cooperation with third states constitutes an important pillar of the EU’s migration policy. This study analyses to which extent the cooperation between the EU and its neighbouring countries had an impact on the protection of the rights of migrants and refugees in the respective countries. It gives a general overview of the state of the art of national migration policies and legislations in the Eastern and Western European neighbourhood and the Western Balkan states. .Three case studies on Georgia, Kosovo and Lebanon illustrate further the country specific situation of migrants and refugees ...

The prevalent approach to Open Educational Resources (OER) and Creative Commons (CC) in Lebanon during the last two decades has been a manifestation of the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ in the digital sphere. The experience of the 2019 popular uprising (‘Thawra’) and ensuing 2020-2021 Covid 19 Lockdown, however, Covid 19 provide examples of an alternative ‘Governing the Commons’ in which users of shared goods and resources can transcend narrow self-interest and work for sustainable value management collectively. Using a contrapuntal approach, two intertwined storylines will be assessed, ...

2015 was a revolutionary year in Saudi Arabian history, marked by the controversial ascension to power of Crown Prince Mohammad Ben Salman, son of King Salman. During his subsequent reign, Crown Prince Ben Salman has set the firm objective of restoring Saudi Hegemony, a goal which he is concurrently pursuing ever since using a combination of changes implemented to domestic and foreign affairs. Whilst enforcing a change in historical political narrative in such short period of time is painted as unrealistic and unachievable, Mohammad Ben Salman’s ambition and determination, combined with his ...

This research study examines the economic and diplomatic strategies of GCC countries (Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia). It aims to analyze strengths, weaknesses, and challenges faced, as well as gaps in existing literature. Research questions focus on economic diplomacy, strategies employed by GCC countries, and gaps in current literature. The study begins with an introduction to the GCC countries and member states, followed by research objectives, scope, and limitations. A literature review explores economic strategies and diplomatic approaches, highlighting gaps in comparative studies, ...