This report is based on media observation and monitoring executed by the Gender, Communication and Global Mobility Studies (GCGM) unit at the Faculty of Law and Political Science (FLPS) at Notre Dame University – Louaize (NDU). The monitoring and data collection took over two months from 1 July until 31 August 2021. The overall objective of this summary report is to understand and analyze qualitatively how news reports in Arabic digital media are portraying stories related to internal security including feature articles or opinion pieces related to keeping peace and stability within Lebanon, ...

This study is a first of its kind attempt to integrate the questions of gender and youth into the debate on good governance in the extractive industries sector in the Middle East. This intersectional and diversity management-based approach is already being applied to other sectors of society as we reach the end of the climactic year 2021. We see this research as a contribution to the improvement of the living conditions for everyone in our crisis-ridden part of the world. The main message of this study remains relevant in particular when it comes to good governance and policies even under ...

The norm of self-defense in international law is so determinedly an inherent right that its precise meaning and justifications are rarely examined. Whatever the general merits of the norm, its retention seems fairly open to question when one sovereign state appears supremely unsecured facing a threat in terms of actual armed attack or imminent threat. This thesis studies the term and the case of a theoretical defense of the norm within the context of the state's use of force in pre-emptive self-defense - anticipatory self-defense. If a defense can be made when the supreme state's self-preservation ...

The principle of the independence of the judiciary, as protected by international and regional apparatuses for the promotion and fortification of human rights, is indispensable to the existence of the rule of law. To guarantee independence in executing legal standards and safeguarding respect of citizens’ rights, the Judiciary must be impartial and independent of the two other legislative and executive powers. However, the judiciary in Lebanon lacks independence and the purpose of this study is to build a framework for understanding the dynamics of the lack of judicial independence in Lebanon. ...

The topic of Irish unity has recently resurfaced to the headlines, after Brexit began in 2016. The dissertation was motivated by the pursuit to analyze the prospects of Irish unity, its timeline, and the factors affecting unity. In order to achieve the goal of the dissertation, an analytical approach was used to study historical, economic, social, and political indicators in Northern Ireland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. These indicators form a cohesive picture regarding the possibility of Irish unity after Brexit. The dissertation finds that Irish unity was re-triggered ...

The twenty-first century cyberspace offers unprecedented opportunities for prosperity and development, but also a series of new and evolving threats to international peace, security, and human rights. For some years now, there have been sustained efforts from civil society groups across the world to harness the Internet for human rights causes. However, by publicizing human rights abuses in near-real time to mass audiences, the new uses of digital technologies may also challenge the legitimacy of the international legal order itself, especially if states are not able to action their legal ...

Throughout its history, Lebanon has had diverse relations with a multitude of countries. Many of these relations faded away, others have changed drastically. However, one that has remained little changed and is today as strong as ever, is the relationship with the Holy See. This makes any observer wonder about the reasons for this solid relationship. While reviewing the long years of the history of the relationship between the two countries, this paper aimed at showing how stable and unchanged the Holy See diplomacy was in Lebanon. To do that, it was necessary to start from the very beginning, ...

This thesis assesses the changing dynamics of covert action as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy. Four primary variables are researched in the context of the Cold War period and the emerging new world order. These variables include: (1) the broad characteristics of the international environment that guide relations between international actors; (2) the primary U.S. foreign policy objectives as examined through presidential doctrines; (3) the acceptance of interventionism in both domestic and international domains, and; (4) moral considerations in the policymaking process of a democratic ...

Nationality issue goes back to the early dawn of mankind. It was formed with the creation of state. Therefore, nationality is directly related to the municipal law of each and every state. Nationality problem arise from these different nationality definitions. Some of these problems were dealt on international basis; however, no supreme power could implement these solutions whats over beneficial. Lebanon is one of the states that is still dealing with nationality issue. Lebanon has an old body of rules taken from the French legislation and was not yet adapted to the Lebanese situation which ...

The formation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been hailed as one of the most significant developments and achievements toward the goal of achieving peace and justice for humality. The birth of this permanent international court has been very tedious and difficult, not to mention controversial. It is yet to be seen how the ICC will function and carry out its duties under the existing climate of political, security and legal apprehension. The objectives of my thesis are first to present a historical background made to establish the different International criminal Courts with an ...