Even though there is a strong disagreement in the Lebanese political system over what precisely leadership is; most agree it remains the basic and key factor in the quality of performance and effectiveness of Lebanese institutions. It is generally asserted that the Lebanese government, the private sector's socio-economic conditions, and education, would improve much under a competent leadership. The study of leadership is not a mathematical or scientific application of rules and logarithms, rather it is an art. It is the art of influencing and motivating followers to achieve common goals ...

Children in Lebanon suffer desecrations of their rights because governments fail to enforce laws and regulations and to generate the economic and social conditions essential for a better living situation for children. Despite the armed conflict that consumed the country and its institutions for a long time until 1989, Lebanon ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child relatively quickly. The CRC is a unique human rights agreement in that it safeguards not only the child's civil and political rights but that it also brings protection to the child's economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian ...

Today, the world is witnessing a debate between free trade (doctrine) and protectionism (doctrine). Those two are, opposite trade policies. The world’s main concern is the future of the international trade system. The issue of Trade is a global modern phenomenon that has an immense impact on countries and international relations. Changes came along the election of Donald Trump as the 45th US president. Among those changes, is Trump’s adoption of protectionist policies in opposite to Obama’s liberalist policies taken during his presidential term. One of those protectionist policies Trump has ...

The thesis studies the directions, trends, and prospects of trade among the Middle Eastern Arab countries between the years 1990 and 2004. For analytical purposes the Arab region is divided into three sub-regions: the Levant states, the gulf Cooperation Council states, and North African Arab states. Improving economic performance in the Arab countries is seen, at the moment, more critical than ever, since the region faces high population growth rates, rising unemployment, and modest economic growth coupled with increasingly intense competition from emerging markets in Europe, America, and asia. ...

Lebanon has swiftly turned from an inspiration to the region in terms of its educational policies and academic achievement since the 16th century, to a country lingering way behind. The analysis of a data set describing the Lebanese public education sector showed aggressively low student per teach ratios in several public schools with the cost of a student in some public schools tripling that of the average cost of a student in the private sector. Those numbers could well describe the high levels of corruption and the severely harmed accountability system. Adding to that an almost obsolete ...

This essay explores some directions for future research of media coverage of male refugees, particularly from Syria. I link the narration of refugee stories to their mobility, their loss of home, belonging, possessions, people and social networks. However, these stories also entail the discovery of new territories and locations, of families in transition, of men whose ongoing mobility constantly impacts their ability or inability to take care of their loved ones and thus live up to the prescribed roles of men in the constructed conservative society from which they came.

This research paper investigates the role of civil society organizations in empowering women, taking Imam Sadr Foundation as a case study. The objectives of the research include assessing the availability of factors contributing to women’s empowerment, such as education, health, services, work and regulations at the Foundation. The research also aims at examining the various levels of empowerment for women and their families, as well as for society more generally, and the extent to which the enabling factors contribute to women’s empowerment and their capacities in terms of decision-making and ...

This longitudinal survey provides an overview of 150 years of migration and labor policy in Austria, from the rule of Imperial Chancellor Klemens von Metternich to the country’s accession to the European Union in 1995. Taking the publication of the first in-depth analysis of Austrian labor migration policy in 1842 (Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, Die gesetzliche Behandlung der Ausländer in Österreich) as a point of departure, this study is based on a comprehensive overview of original national, regional, commercial, and labor union archives, as well as an exhaustive review of secondary literature ...

This article is based on a discussion of the scientific concept of ‘Subjectivity’ as proposed by Father George F. McLean, former head of the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy (CRVP) at Catholic University, Washington DC. The suggestions contained herein are derived from a Taufer understanding of the concept of the secular state and the "Diaspora Church" taken from the writings of Hans-Juergen Goertz, Paul Peachey, Ernst Troeltsch and John Howard Yoder. Furthermore, it demonstrates that, given an Abrahamic understanding of God, as well as a subjective approach to both state and church, ...