his study compares the performance of six to nine-year old Arabic-English bilingual children from Lebanese private schools to that of their monolingual peers in the English language in the areas of semantic development, awareness of the arbitrary nature of word-referent relationship, divergent thinking, knowledge of grammatical structures, and logical reasoning. The purpose is to find out whether the bilinguals have been positively affected by their bilingualism. The exercises are taken from researchers who conducted their studies after 1960 and believe that bilingualism results in cognitive ...
The progression of cities, as Henri Lefebvre observed, can be studied as the slow spread of its heterotopic peripheries over its dominant space. This margin-to-center motion is usually accompanied by a change of the individual’s mindset, notably affecting their concepts of space, time, and identity. Thus, this thesis will trace how the cybercity—the newest addition to the urban evolution and formerly a heterotopic periphery of human life—has expanded into the dominant space of the physical city, therefore imposing its understanding of spatiality, temporality, and individuality on the contemporary ...
This study explores the attitudes of the Intermediate level learners and teachers toward the usability of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) in English as a second language (ESL) teaching and learning contexts. It also seeks to examine the impact these teachers perceive the IWB to have on their student's learning and their own teaching practices, as well as the learners' perceptions of the IWB's impact on their own abilities in ESL. Quantitative data was collected at regular set intervals through the administrative of questionnaires. The data collection process also involved having semi-structured ...
This thesis intends to examine the multi-faceted interplay between Censorship and
Audio-visual Translation (AVT) in the Arab region and particularly in Lebanon, focusing
on how censorship controls and regulates the English-Arabic subtitling process. An
audio-visual script is only meaningful when it carries within its subtitled lines the original
film’s identity, culture and feel. This thesis will try to demonstrate how censorship
policies can hinder the message conveyance and widen the cultural gap between the
source language and target language. It will show the impact of these censorship ...
This study describes the effects and effectiveness of explicit instruction of grammar on first year translation students’ writing skills enhancing transfer and hedging interference. First year translation students in a French-medium university in Lebanon study English, the target language, as both a means and an end. While communicative teaching methodologies look down upon and heavily criticize explicit instruction, students with French as their L2 have always felt safe given grammar rules, hoping to apply them right away. In order to increasing students’ metacognitive awareness, explicit ...
Linguists, grammarians and professors seek to come to an apt and final approach to grammar teaching to Foreign Language learners. Studies about language acquisition investigate the non-referential it in the theoretical framework of the pro-drop parameter and researchers limit the findings that deal with the non-referential it strictly to the English language. The specific problem this study addresses is how to accommodate the needs of implicit or explicit instruction of grammar of established grammatical approaches to the needs of French L2 students learning intermediate level English as a third ...
This thesis will discuss the difficulties related to the translation of jokes from English to Arabic, the cultural elements of the two languages, and how translators translate jokes from English into Arabic. I will also discuss the cultural aspects, with a study on translation theory. It also talks about literary translation, the translation of English jokes into Arabic, epic translation fails, and the Arabic culture. Moreover, this thesis explains the challenges of translating jokes, the cultural aspects of translating jokes, the cultural component of joke translation, and the difficulty of ...
This paper about children’s literature and its translation focuses on translating two short stories from the book لأنها إبتسمت لي entitled Because She Smiled at ME by the author Mirna Dagher from Arabic to English. This thesis is composed of three parts; the first part is the literature review, which discusses the history and development of translation, the role of the translator, and the history and translation of children’s literature. The second part of my thesis includes the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). As for the third part, it is the analysis. This section of the paper consists ...
Language is the tool used for communication in different fields specifically politics and has provided humans with a wide variety of words to use in their daily lives. Although
dictionaries, agreements, declarations, conventions, and organizations give objective
definitions, that is. meaning of' every word. Every word has more than a meaning fai it has different connotations resulting from various accumulated experiences, intentions, linguistic factors and non-linguistic factors. Thus, meanings of words reflect different points of view. The focus of this thesis is to deal with how the Lebanese ...
This thesis argues that the process of the transformation of the image of the female in science fiction can be classified into pre-liminality, liminality, and post-liminal reintegration. These three stages lead towards hybridity and transition, but each is characterized by different directions and relations. To demonstrate this claim, each aspect of liminality (pre- and post-) will be examined through the lens of feminist theories as they are portrayed in Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson, Neuromancer (1984) by William Gibson, The Last Ride of the Glory Girls (2011) by Libba Bray, and Hand ...
Reading is the basis of all activities students do in all school subjects and this skill has been given more attention than any other feature in education. Knowing how to read at school is an important accomplishment in itself for any student's language growth and is the source of success whether in academic years or later in life (DeStefano, 1982, p.388). Since to "read" is to decipher and understand the meaning of letters and symbols (Merriam Webster Online, p.!), comprehension is a key element in this skill. ESL/EFL students find reading in English difficult because they do not understand a ...
The 19th Century witnessed a new era in Arabic Literature. After a long period of mental stagnation, a great desire for learning emerged. The West started to gain interest in Eastern Literature, which triggered closer relations between the Arab countries and other European nations. This approach paved the way for the Renaissance, which intended to achieve a drastic positive change. The East also started to appreciate Western Literature; this led to a reform in hope to limit ignorance. This openness to other civilizations sparked authors’ desires to bridge the gap between East and West. Gibran ...
Hachem, Hany Nabih(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2013)
Lifelong learning is the process of assessing and recognizing one’s educational needs, with an intrinsically-driven purpose of continuously satisfying these needs, using proper tools. The process is deemed as crucial to medical education, by high medical authorities. Mobile learning, in medical education, offers a wide spectrum of benefits to students, educators, and the learning process in general, including the enhancement of lifelong learning and problem-based learning skills. In Lebanon, little research has been done on mobile learning in undergraduate medical education, with no existing ...
During and after the war in Syria which erupted in 2011, the Syrian mobility has seen a
rapid, large-scale outflow into neighboring countries with Lebanon being on the list of countries to host the largest numbers of Syrian refugees (SR). Many among them ended up living in refugee camps where conditions were and still are dire; consequently, they seek migration through refugees’ human agencies and foreign embassies in Lebanon. In light of this situation, community interpreting services have become increasingly required and immigration agencies subsequently have reached out to the Community ...
The research paper aims to translate the first three chapters of the novel entitled Khirbet Masood and written by the contemporary novelist, Professor Mansour Eid (1944-2013), from Arabic to English. The translation process attempts to bridge both the Arabic and the English versions by rendering typically the same meaning knowing that the writer’s writing style is the “apparent ease” “السهل الممتنع” which is clear and flowing; nevertheless, it is inimitable. Moreover, this paper tackles the various difficulties the translator encountered during the translation process; these difficulties include ...
Reading is universally considered as a fundamental cognitive process of acquiring information from written text. Since individuals acquire reading skills differently, there is no single way for teaching reading. For many years, the educational system has valued primarily linguistic and mathematical ways of learning and has placed a stronger emphasis on test scores than on the learners themselves. In 1983, Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences (MI), focusing on different intelligences in learning. This study is a qualitative action research that aimed at investigating how ...
The study investigated the relationship between the three leadership styles; transformational, transactional and laissez-faire, and 73 Elementary I female teachers’ job satisfaction in 10 schools (5 private and 5 public) in Lebanon. The instruments used were the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire, Fifth Edition, Short Form (MLQ-5X Short, the Job Descriptive Index (JDI, 2009 revised) and Job in General Scale. Correlation and descriptive analysis (one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze data. The results revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership were positively and significantly ...
This thesis presents the results of a case study that investigates the use of a variety of teaching methods, based on a multisensory approach, as part of the remediation program of dyslexic students in elementary English classes. In order to do this, a review of the literature surrounding the main concepts of disabilities has been carried out, in which the theory of learning disabilities is explained and then linked to dyslexia. Then, a discussion of the different teaching methods that are used in a dyslexic classroom is presented. A research pilot case study, which is presented in the form of ...
This paper reviews empirical research on vocabulary learning strategies and highlights the role of computers in EFL classes. As computers are introduced into schools in Lebanon, it is helpful to examine the effect of this tool on learning vocabulary. This study investigates the effect of electronic glossary and hypertext. Fifty students from the College Des Apotres-Jounieh were subjects for the study.The experimental group read the story, King Solomon's Mines, using a software which was designed to teach vocabulary through electronic glossary. They had access to understanding the meaning of the ...
This thesis examines the landscape of African Science Fiction (ASF) as a genre of African Literature (AL) from the lens of technology and Africanfuturism. African literature is often written and read from the past, positioning Africa as a backwater continent with no future technology and devoid of humanness, humaneness, and indigenous knowledge, yet African epistemologies and ontologies exist and portray new technologies in the present and in the future for the valuation of humans. The growing corpus of ASF employs African epistemologies and tremendous technology in mapping African futurity: ...