his study compares the performance of six to nine-year old Arabic-English bilingual children from Lebanese private schools to that of their monolingual peers in the English language in the areas of semantic development, awareness of the arbitrary nature of word-referent relationship, divergent thinking, knowledge of grammatical structures, and logical reasoning. The purpose is to find out whether the bilinguals have been positively affected by their bilingualism. The exercises are taken from researchers who conducted their studies after 1960 and believe that bilingualism results in cognitive ...

This paper about children’s literature and its translation focuses on translating two short stories from the book لأنها إبتسمت لي entitled Because She Smiled at ME by the author Mirna Dagher from Arabic to English. This thesis is composed of three parts; the first part is the literature review, which discusses the history and development of translation, the role of the translator, and the history and translation of children’s literature. The second part of my thesis includes the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). As for the third part, it is the analysis. This section of the paper consists ...

Reading is the basis of all activities students do in all school subjects and this skill has been given more attention than any other feature in education. Knowing how to read at school is an important accomplishment in itself for any student's language growth and is the source of success whether in academic years or later in life (DeStefano, 1982, p.388). Since to "read" is to decipher and understand the meaning of letters and symbols (Merriam Webster Online, p.!), comprehension is a key element in this skill. ESL/EFL students find reading in English difficult because they do not understand a ...

The research paper aims to translate the first three chapters of the novel entitled Khirbet Masood and written by the contemporary novelist, Professor Mansour Eid (1944-2013), from Arabic to English. The translation process attempts to bridge both the Arabic and the English versions by rendering typically the same meaning knowing that the writer’s writing style is the “apparent ease” “السهل الممتنع” which is clear and flowing; nevertheless, it is inimitable. Moreover, this paper tackles the various difficulties the translator encountered during the translation process; these difficulties include ...

The study investigated the relationship between the three leadership styles; transformational, transactional and laissez-faire, and 73 Elementary I female teachers’ job satisfaction in 10 schools (5 private and 5 public) in Lebanon. The instruments used were the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire, Fifth Edition, Short Form (MLQ-5X Short, the Job Descriptive Index (JDI, 2009 revised) and Job in General Scale. Correlation and descriptive analysis (one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze data. The results revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership were positively and significantly ...

The progression of cities, as Henri Lefebvre observed, can be studied as the slow spread of its heterotopic peripheries over its dominant space. This margin-to-center motion is usually accompanied by a change of the individual’s mindset, notably affecting their concepts of space, time, and identity. Thus, this thesis will trace how the cybercity—the newest addition to the urban evolution and formerly a heterotopic periphery of human life—has expanded into the dominant space of the physical city, therefore imposing its understanding of spatiality, temporality, and individuality on the contemporary ...

This thesis will discuss the difficulties related to the translation of jokes from English to Arabic, the cultural elements of the two languages, and how translators translate jokes from English into Arabic. I will also discuss the cultural aspects, with a study on translation theory. It also talks about literary translation, the translation of English jokes into Arabic, epic translation fails, and the Arabic culture. Moreover, this thesis explains the challenges of translating jokes, the cultural aspects of translating jokes, the cultural component of joke translation, and the difficulty of ...

This paper reviews empirical research on vocabulary learning strategies and highlights the role of computers in EFL classes. As computers are introduced into schools in Lebanon, it is helpful to examine the effect of this tool on learning vocabulary. This study investigates the effect of electronic glossary and hypertext. Fifty students from the College Des Apotres-Jounieh were subjects for the study.The experimental group read the story, King Solomon's Mines, using a software which was designed to teach vocabulary through electronic glossary. They had access to understanding the meaning of the ...