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Lebanon’s economic growth trajectory has been affected by domestic and regional political events, as consumer and investor confidence has withered. The 1975-1990 civil war weakened the government’s ability to provide public services and provided further space for the private sector participation. PPP’s are not new in Lebanon; the country has a long history of private sector participation in the delivery of public infrastructure services especially in the electricity sector which traces back to concessions. The energy sector in Lebanon is a key contributor to the country’s current fiscal constraints. ...

This research paper investigates the role of civil society organizations in empowering women, taking Imam Sadr Foundation as a case study. The objectives of the research include assessing the availability of factors contributing to women’s empowerment, such as education, health, services, work and regulations at the Foundation. The research also aims at examining the various levels of empowerment for women and their families, as well as for society more generally, and the extent to which the enabling factors contribute to women’s empowerment and their capacities in terms of decision-making and ...

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The Republic of Korea sought to become an "advanced human rights country" by joining the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1992. In addition, a provision for refugee recognition was established in the Immigration Act in 1993, and the refugee policy was implemented in earnest in 1994. However, contrary to the Korean government's expectation, criticism of the refugee policy continued on the inside and outside of the country, with the birth of the first Korean recognized refugee in 2001. Although the Korean government and the National ...

Today, the world is witnessing a debate between free trade (doctrine) and protectionism (doctrine). Those two are, opposite trade policies. The world’s main concern is the future of the international trade system. The issue of Trade is a global modern phenomenon that has an immense impact on countries and international relations. Changes came along the election of Donald Trump as the 45th US president. Among those changes, is Trump’s adoption of protectionist policies in opposite to Obama’s liberalist policies taken during his presidential term. One of those protectionist policies Trump has ...

Turkey has not been granted membership of the European Union, even though the accession negotiations were formally launched in October 2005. Nevertheless, while negotiations have had an initial significant economic and social progress in line with the Union’s requirements, they officially ended in December 2016 following the July 15th coup that brought Turkey on its path to an autocratic rule. This thesis studies why Turkey is interested in the EU and why it has not achieved its membership goal. In order to identify the problem, the implications that blockade or delay the Turkish membership ...

Lebanon has swiftly turned from an inspiration to the region in terms of its educational policies and academic achievement since the 16th century, to a country lingering way behind. The analysis of a data set describing the Lebanese public education sector showed aggressively low student per teach ratios in several public schools with the cost of a student in some public schools tripling that of the average cost of a student in the private sector. Those numbers could well describe the high levels of corruption and the severely harmed accountability system. Adding to that an almost obsolete ...