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Children in Lebanon suffer desecrations of their rights because governments fail to enforce laws and regulations and to generate the economic and social conditions essential for a better living situation for children. Despite the armed conflict that consumed the country and its institutions for a long time until 1989, Lebanon ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child relatively quickly. The CRC is a unique human rights agreement in that it safeguards not only the child's civil and political rights but that it also brings protection to the child's economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian ...

The prevalent approach to Open Educational Resources (OER) and Creative Commons (CC) in Lebanon during the last two decades has been a manifestation of the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ in the digital sphere. The experience of the 2019 popular uprising (‘Thawra’) and ensuing 2020-2021 Covid 19 Lockdown, however, Covid 19 provide examples of an alternative ‘Governing the Commons’ in which users of shared goods and resources can transcend narrow self-interest and work for sustainable value management collectively. Using a contrapuntal approach, two intertwined storylines will be assessed, ...

The global world we're witnessing nowadays has reshaped many or most of the concepts we thought of as indispensable. Globalization has turned the whole world into a small village, cutting down boundaries, and opening channels which were inconceivable just a few years back: free movement of knowledge, thought, inventions, creations, and ideas have become commonplace. International trade has not been an exception. It too has been radically changed by this phenomenon called globalization. At the essence of international trade lies intellectual property trade. Therefore its protection has become ...

The expansion of e-government applications since the 1990s has led many countries in the developing world to follow the advanced industrialized societies in using e-government as an enabling tool to achieve reform goals. Lebanon is implementing e-government initiatives as part of international efforts to integrate the developing world in the information society. With corruption plaguing the country, this research aims to examine if the government in Lebanon is taking steps to tackle this rampant problem through e-government projects, and to assess the nature of such projects and the level of ...

The launch of Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency, in 2009, altered the traditional perspective that people held with regard to of financial transactions. Over the years, hundreds of cryptocurrencies have emerged and the realm of crypto (digital) assets extended its impact toglobal affairs whereas it affects domestic and international economics, politics, and the environment. Given the nature and potential of this technology, it has left a positive mark as wellas negative stains due to lack of regulation, falling prey to perversion and abuse with malicious intent to commit illicit activity. ...

As the world enters the information age, countries has undertaken extensive study of the "Revolution in Military Affairs" and information warfare. This thesis examines the implications of information warfare tactics and techniques for terrorism. It explores the possibility that computers may revolutionize terrorism. Two concepts are often embodied in academic definitions of terrorism: violence and terror. By adding information warfare techniques, the definition of terrorism could be expanded to include "cyberviolence," the destruction or manipulation of computer information. The "violence" ...

Throughout its history, Lebanon has had diverse relations with a multitude of countries. Many of these relations faded away, others have changed drastically. However, one that has remained little changed and is today as strong as ever, is the relationship with the Holy See. This makes any observer wonder about the reasons for this solid relationship. While reviewing the long years of the history of the relationship between the two countries, this paper aimed at showing how stable and unchanged the Holy See diplomacy was in Lebanon. To do that, it was necessary to start from the very beginning, ...

This article deals with the disabilities-employment nexus. Based on an empirical survey of employability of women with disabilities in the Italian province of South Tyrol in 1993, it provides both significant scientific results on the topic, as well as dealing with the theoretical weaknesses and gaps in social science research at the time in Central Europe. At the end of the 20th century, studies on disabilities largely ignored issues related to gender and sexuality. Inversely, work done in the fields of women’s, men’s and gender studies rarely dealt with the problems facing the ‘handicapped’, ...

Cooperation with third states constitutes an important pillar of the EU’s migration policy. This study analyses to which extent the cooperation between the EU and its neighbouring countries had an impact on the protection of the rights of migrants and refugees in the respective countries. It gives a general overview of the state of the art of national migration policies and legislations in the Eastern and Western European neighbourhood and the Western Balkan states. .Three case studies on Georgia, Kosovo and Lebanon illustrate further the country specific situation of migrants and refugees ...