Among the many schools in Lebanon, there has been a growing trend for some schools to adopt a new type of Baccalaureate in Lebanon-the International Baccalaureate. This phenomena warrants an investigation especially since the educational system in Lebanon already has a Baccalaureate program. In order to be able to better understand the reasons behind the implementation of a foreign baccalaureate like the International baccalaureate, we must first consider the qualifications of each Baccalaureate program. this study sought to detail both the International and Lebanese baccalaureates and then ...

Oil and gold are considered to be the most two strategic commodities. Crude oil is the world’s most frequently transacted commodity while gold has a leading position among the main precious metals. This thesis examines empirically the relationship between gold prices, oil prices and US dollar index. Monthly data for gold prices, oil prices, US dollar index and other controlled variables over a period of 20 years were selected from Bloomberg platform. This thesis uses a unit root test and the Johansen test to check for the existence of cointegration between each pair of selected variables. Further ...

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the variables affecting house prices in Lebanon in the long run and the short run. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: To answer the above question, data collected is a monthly one covering second half of the year 2013 until February 2021. The dependent variable is average housing price, while independent variables include employment index, construction permits, non-resident deposits, interest rate, CPI, and coincident indicators. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied for the long run and the error correction model (ECM) is ...

Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence of accrual-based and real-based earnings management activities prior seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) for a sample of Canadian public firms between 1993 and 2008. This study also examines earnings management trends around reforms in the Canadian corporate governance regime brought by Canadian SOX (CSOX) Act. Design/methodology/approach: Both parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon test) tests are used to examine the statistical significance of mean and median accrual and real-based manipulation in the year preceding the announcement of a ...

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to shed more light on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the Initial Public Offering (IPO) performance of U.S. Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) in the short and long run. Design/methodology/approach: I conduct multi-linear regressions on a sample of 89 US REIT IPO for the years 2003 to 2016. I compute the market adjusted excess returns for each of the first 5 days following the IPO to measure short-run IPO performance and the semi-annual cumulative abnormal returns for each of the three years following the IPO to measure ...

The Global financial markets have witnessed great traumas due to several events such as the 2000 US stock market crash, the attack of September I Ph 2001, the Afghani war December 2001, and recently the Iraqi war February 2003, the repercussions of which are being felt till today. These events caused immense turbulence in the stability of the stock market and a collapse of investor confidence. One product of accounting evolution is the use of ratios for analyzing financial statements. Originally developed as short-term credit analysis devices, ratios can be traced as far back as the late ...

The shipping industry is a major determinant of the Lebanese trade and service sector. Shipping agencies are now aware that their employees are ever more important in sustaining competitive advantage. Provided by adequate front-line assistance, employees can greatly influence customers’ impressions about the shipping company. This study assessed the relationship between each construct of the role stressors – role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload – and job satisfaction for non-managerial employees. Role ambiguity is a state of misunderstanding a person has about his/her role’s expectations. ...

Purpose: This research attempts to study employee job satisfaction at Notre Dame University-Louaize. It examines the existence of potential variations of perception with respect to demographic variables, such as age, gender, tenure, position, education and contact with students. Design/methodology/approach: This research is a case of study that uses the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire as a quantitative data collection tool. The philosophical approach is positivism and deductive reasoning approach. Findings: Level of employee satisfaction is associated with demographic variables. ...

Purpose: This thesis attempts to explore the impact of adoption of online banking, through its various media and communication channels, on branch expansion and overall banks profitability. We use a sample of 17 Lebanese commercial banks constituting 90% of the Lebanese commercial banks sector, from 2004 till 2013. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: this study is based on a quantitative model with a deductive approach. Secondary data was collected from BILANBANQUES to feed into a multiple regression models. The independent variables are the following variables: year adoption of mobile banking, phone ...

The study intend to investigate if Lebanese Ghia holding customers care if the restaurants they are visiting have an established Food Safety Management System in place, also if they feel that the restaurant they are visiting needs to have paper proof or a certificate for the food safety management system implemented in it. Moreover, the results should be clarifying if Lebanese Ghia holding customers trust a local food safety management system to be a substitute for a food safety management system with international standards. The subject is a matter of weight that can contribute in the success ...