Purpose - The purpose of this research is to study the impact that the adoption of Lean manufacturing principles has on operational performance in Lebanese pharmaceutical industries, while taking into account the employees' characteristics that might affect the constructs. Design/methodology/approach - The philosophical position that was adopted in this research is the post-positivist approach. Moreover, the deductive reasoning was used throughout the paper. A quantitative method was implemented using a questionnaire that targeted some Lebanese pharmaceutical companies. Findings - The perception ...

Purpose: This study has two main purposes. The first is to identify what is the prevalent leadership style at Sima Baghdad and the most effective leadership style in a high-risk environment. The second is to recognize if there is a relationship between the effect of each risk factor on time, budget, and performance. Design/methodology/approach: Participants of this study are employees at Sima Baghdad holding managerial positions (except administrative positions) and/or have a leadership role on site. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach as well as Spearman's Row to accept ...