Infrastructure privatization is initiated through various modes by different countries and can generally include the construction of new privately owned facilities, privatization of existing facilities, concessions or leases, and project financing. B.O.T. [Build-Operate- Transfer] means the government grants investment enterprises an operational concession for a period, permits them to construct and administrate certain public infrastructures by financing, and authorizes them to pay off loans, reclaim investment and make a profit through charging from users or selling products. At the expiration ...

The global world we're witnessing nowadays has reshaped many or most of the concepts we thought of as indispensable. Globalization has turned the whole world into a small village, cutting down boundaries, and opening channels which were inconceivable just a few years back: free movement of knowledge, thought, inventions, creations, and ideas have become commonplace. International trade has not been an exception. It too has been radically changed by this phenomenon called globalization. At the essence of international trade lies intellectual property trade. Therefore its protection has become ...

This thesis was conducted to examine the impact of the evolution of FATCA on Lebanon. This study discusses the evolution of the U.S tax system, and its attempt to combat U.S tax evasion beginning with the Qualified Intermediary Program and ending with the U.S Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). Moreover, it entails the evolution of the FATCA regulations and analyzes this evolution with all the modification of these regulations. A detailed timeline of the evolution of the FATCA status as well as the projected timeline are highlighted. Interviews with four head of legal compliance officers ...

For most of this century, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The Court took the lead in securing the worldwide acceptance of arbitration as the most effective way of resolving international commercial disputes. Since its creation, the Court has administered well over 14 000 international arbitration cases involving parties ...

The formation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been hailed as one of the most significant developments and achievements toward the goal of achieving peace and justice for humality. The birth of this permanent international court has been very tedious and difficult, not to mention controversial. It is yet to be seen how the ICC will function and carry out its duties under the existing climate of political, security and legal apprehension. The objectives of my thesis are first to present a historical background made to establish the different International criminal Courts with an ...

The concept of Collective security was created to oversee that human rights and global peace are maintained in this ongoing struggled for power. As an organization, the United Nations was created to manage collective security in order to prevent global conflict. The notion of peace keeping was created as one of the counter solutions to any threat to global peace. Peace keeping operations constitute a compromise between peaceful settlement and joint imposition. Knowing the theoretical context and framework of the United Nations' Chapter Six and Chapter Seven is a must for a better knowledge of ...

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine war and the United States' behaviors and actions during the Ukraine crisis in order to understand why the conflict resulted in a geopolitical power struggle. Because the current debate is rife with biased information and propaganda, this thesis seeks to objectively observe the behaviors and actions of both sides in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the crisis. It is qualitative because it investigates this specific conflict using multiple sources to gain an in-depth understanding ...

The writing of this thesis meets the obvious need for a general work on the law of armed conflict from its theoretical origins to the most recent political and legal developments. The title expresses one of the basic purposes of International Humanitarian Law, which is to provide, amid generalized barity of war, protection to civilians and those no longer taking part in the fighting, and even restrictions on the violent conduct between the combatants. Resistance movements in occupied territories have been accepted as a concept since WWII. However, the exact characteristics of these movements, ...