Globalization, nowadays, has reshaped many or most of the legal concepts humans thought of as indispensable. It has turned the globe into a small village, cutting down boundaries, and opening up channels which were inconceivable just a few years back. Free movements of knowledge, thought, inventions, technologies, creations, and ideas have become available to humanity. This research investigates, therefore, the scope of copyright protection of computer programs and their impact. There is no doubt that the modern technology use stretches the law which is sometimes slow to react. One legal ...

Throughout its history, Lebanon has had diverse relations with a multitude of countries. Many of these relations faded away, others have changed drastically. However, one that has remained little changed and is today as strong as ever, is the relationship with the Holy See. This makes any observer wonder about the reasons for this solid relationship. While reviewing the long years of the history of the relationship between the two countries, this paper aimed at showing how stable and unchanged the Holy See diplomacy was in Lebanon. To do that, it was necessary to start from the very beginning, ...

Four days after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on the 2nd of August 1990, the Security Council subjugated Iraq to a series of financial and trade sanctions. Since then, comprehensive and partial sanctions became the security Council's favourite arm-twisting tool used at sixteen instances and against eleven countries compared to only two cases during its first forty-five years of operation. Economic sanctions fall theoretically somewhere between diplomacy and war. Their effectiveness as a coercive measure depends on multiple parameters concerning the socio-economic structure of the sanctioned state. ...

Political instability in Lebanon, caused by the tragic war that lasted over 25 years, inhibited and delayed all economic development. A new area of political stability conducive to development emerged soon after 1990. During this era, Lebanon commenced a completely new national economic recovery, a process that witnessed new construction in various infrastructural sectors, to including the courts, telecommunication, electric installations, airports, roads, etc. 1 As part of the Lebanese economic policy, the Lebanese government invites investors and tries to create for them an ...

The norm of self-defense in international law is so determinedly an inherent right that its precise meaning and justifications are rarely examined. Whatever the general merits of the norm, its retention seems fairly open to question when one sovereign state appears supremely unsecured facing a threat in terms of actual armed attack or imminent threat. This thesis studies the term and the case of a theoretical defense of the norm within the context of the state's use of force in pre-emptive self-defense - anticipatory self-defense. If a defense can be made when the supreme state's self-preservation ...

The thesis studies the directions, trends, and prospects of trade among the Middle Eastern Arab countries between the years 1990 and 2004. For analytical purposes the Arab region is divided into three sub-regions: the Levant states, the gulf Cooperation Council states, and North African Arab states. Improving economic performance in the Arab countries is seen, at the moment, more critical than ever, since the region faces high population growth rates, rising unemployment, and modest economic growth coupled with increasingly intense competition from emerging markets in Europe, America, and asia. ...