Thyme is a Mediterranean herb widely used worldwide. However, it is produced in areas of high humidity and temperature which is favorable conditions for mold growth and mycotoxins production which pose public health risk. In Lebanon, no studies have been done to investigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in thyme and thyme-based products. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of AFB1 and OTA in those products, related dietary exposure and cancer risk for regular and high consumption. A total of 160 samples of thyme and thyme-based products were collected and ...

Purpose: This study has two main purposes. The first is to identify what is the prevalent leadership style at Sima Baghdad and the most effective leadership style in a high-risk environment. The second is to recognize if there is a relationship between the effect of each risk factor on time, budget, and performance. Design/methodology/approach: Participants of this study are employees at Sima Baghdad holding managerial positions (except administrative positions) and/or have a leadership role on site. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach as well as Spearman's Row to accept ...

This research has contributed to an increased knowledge of the difficult circumstances Iraq’s Christians are undergoing on the humanitarian, political, socio-economic and social levels, whether in their homeland or in diaspora. Ten years after the 2003 United States-led invasion of Iraq, Christians continue to be targeted by a wave of violence, threats, and intimidations executed by extremist Islamist military groups. They also face religious discrimination, political underrepresentation, and infringement of their fundamental rights. The main theoretical orientation of this study is based on the ...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the different purchasing clusters at the Lebanese organizational performance. In order to achieve this research objective, two research questions were addressed. (1) How are purchasing functions within Lebanese organizations classified? (2) How do purchasing functions at the Lebanese organizations affect performance outcomes? These research questions have been translated into the following two hypotheses (H1) Purchasing functions within Lebanese Organizations can be classified based on their level of involvement in strategic planning, status in the ...

After many years of civil war, which completely paralyzed the Lebanese economy and demolished the local businesses, it was not before the early 90's that Lebanon started the process of reconstructing the local economy. It has succeeded into fostering one of the most advanced commercial banking sectors in the region. For the poor in need of funds, banks were not the best answer to where they could resolve, thus the microfinance movement emerged to become the great innovation in financial intermediation that reduces the costs and risks of lending to poor house-holds. We will tackle the MFI program ...

We need the following definitions: An integral domain is a commutative unitary ring with no zero divisors. A principal ideal domain (PID) is an integral domain in which every ideal can be generated by one element. A unique factorization domain (UFD) is an integral domain in which factorization of integers into primes is unique. (more details later). An integral domain R is said to be a Euclidean ring if for every a≠0 in R there is a defined integer d(a) such that: For all a,b € R, both non zero, d(a) ≤d(ab). For all a,b € R, both non zero, there exists t,r € R such that a=tb+r where either r=0 ...

This research study examines the effect of a previous international assignment of French expatriates residing and working in Lebanon, on the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ) and adaptation measures. The proposed model expands already existing models concerning the relationship of the facets of cultural intelligence - cognitive, meta-cognitive, motivational, and behavioral CQ - and the dimensions of cross-cultural adjustment - interaction, general, and work adjustment -with measures of the willingness to adjust. Questionnaires have been sent to 200 French expatriates residing and ...

Mobile telecommunications are one of the fastest developing sectors in the world. Both high usage and demand gather to show how this sector is increasing especially with the energy resources it requires to operate. Mobile telecommunications have a direct effect on the environment related to the usage (users' behavior, network's interaction, power and energy saving, etc.). Therefore, there is a serious need of going green in mobile telecommunications. The telecommunications sector in Lebanon is complex as different inter-related parties such as the government, the private sector, and the consumers ...

Social network sites are websites that offer a medium for social media which is best described as an intermediate that allow the exchange of contents (Goddard, 2010) and thoughts (Luna, 2011). One of the activities practiced on social network websites is social network which is the pattern of advice seeking and advice giving used to reduce the risk of a decision taken by a decision maker (Goddard, 2010). Social networking through social media has become a phenomenon since it gave users connected to internet a chance to share their opinion and get in contact with other users instantly, easily and ...

The exchange rate peg in an open market economy allows the flow of large amounts of money and helps market participants to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities between domestic and international interest rates. Pegging disconnects the interest rate from real economic conditions of the underlining assets. This is the case of Lebanon, where national banks find a greater return on investment in the risk-adjusted return on government bonds. The main finding in this thesis is that the high level of deposits at commercial banks correlates directly with the level of the Lebanon national debt. ...