In recent years, the food and beverage industry in Lebanon has viewed children and adolescents as a major market force. As a result, children and adolescents are now the target of intense and specialized food marketing and advertising efforts, especially fast food companies. The Lebanese society has witnessed an increase in overweight children and diabetic ones. This increase is due to several factors related to the types of food marketed to this category of people: - Food captures 12.5% of Lebanese consumer spending and so there is vigorous competition within this industry - Food is a repeat-purchase ...

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the effect of eleven sub-variables under Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control on the over the counter (OTC) medicine purchasing behavior of Lebanese consumers. The study will also examine the mediating role of intention in determining consumer behavior. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was developed and shared with 272 respondents through social media platforms. Quantitative data was collected to investigate the effect of Attitude, Social Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control on consumer Intention and Behavior. Results ...

Purpose – Previous researches have shown a gap in empirical testing, particularly in measuring the variability of supply chain factors. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationship between the variability of supply chain disruption factors and the financial performance of companies operating in the automotive sector in Europe. Design/methodology/approach – This study will use the panel data regression methodology. This method will allow us to analyze the effect of supply chain disruptions over time and across multiple companies and countries, and control for both individual ...

2015 was a revolutionary year in Saudi Arabian history, marked by the controversial ascension to power of Crown Prince Mohammad Ben Salman, son of King Salman. During his subsequent reign, Crown Prince Ben Salman has set the firm objective of restoring Saudi Hegemony, a goal which he is concurrently pursuing ever since using a combination of changes implemented to domestic and foreign affairs. Whilst enforcing a change in historical political narrative in such short period of time is painted as unrealistic and unachievable, Mohammad Ben Salman’s ambition and determination, combined with his ...

This study tackles the impact of self portrayal on Instagram on body image and self-esteem. Social media platforms have now become extremely diversified, having both positive and negative effects. Framing theory and hyper reality were used to help explain how social media platforms have made reality so hard to achieve by framing what they want to highlight and keeping a lot in the darkness. The quantitative research methodology was used because it is objective, and relies on concrete numbers which helps remove bias from the research. Results showed that the hypotheses stated weren’t completely ...

This paper examines the impact of daylight performance on classroom orientation in Beirut district and its suburbs. Daylight conditions in educational buildings have been of interest since the discovery of artificial light in the nineteenth century. Classroom orientation is crucial in optimizing daylight performance, which can positively impact student health, learning achievements, and psychology. In Lebanon, Government Decree No. 90911 recommends classrooms to have a southern orientation, with the longest part of the southern facade facing south. However, the decree does not provide any further ...

The entire world has been dealing with strange events, problems, and situations. Unfortunately, the state of education is quickly impacted by external events. The way education is delivered, and schools are run has changed as a result of these instances. Because of the political, health, and economic crises, Lebanon has been going through a very difficult time, which has made the educational sector more and more unstable. The financial status of most Lebanese families has been impacted by the Lebanese pound's loss of more than 90% of its value without a rise in wages. As a result, many people, ...

This research intends to uncover the relationship between learning environments and pupils’ academic outcome. What difference would the qualities of light and air make in the actual academic ambiance and in the process of transforming incoming students into active learners? With theoretical foundation, the research proceeds to look at the integration of green principles of design inside classrooms and their effects on pupils’ achievement. What do students really need? According to recent pedagogy research, some of these needs mainly are comfortable thermal and visual conditions, and healthy ...

This research study examines the economic and diplomatic strategies of GCC countries (Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia). It aims to analyze strengths, weaknesses, and challenges faced, as well as gaps in existing literature. Research questions focus on economic diplomacy, strategies employed by GCC countries, and gaps in current literature. The study begins with an introduction to the GCC countries and member states, followed by research objectives, scope, and limitations. A literature review explores economic strategies and diplomatic approaches, highlighting gaps in comparative studies, ...

This research delves into the geoeconomic dynamics of energy security and the influence of strategic resource policies on international relations. It examines how nations strategically manage their energy resources to gain political leverage and shape global dynamics. The study investigates the interplay between energy markets, geopolitical interests, and state policies, providing valuable insights into the intricate nature of resource-based power struggles. By analyzing case studies and employing theoretical frameworks, the research sheds light on the complex interactions between energy security, ...