This longitudinal survey provides an overview of 150 years of migration and labor policy in Austria, from the rule of Imperial Chancellor Klemens von Metternich to the country’s accession to the European Union in 1995. Taking the publication of the first in-depth analysis of Austrian labor migration policy in 1842 (Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, Die gesetzliche Behandlung der Ausländer in Österreich) as a point of departure, this study is based on a comprehensive overview of original national, regional, commercial, and labor union archives, as well as an exhaustive review of secondary literature ...

Lebanon’s economic growth trajectory has been affected by domestic and regional political events, as consumer and investor confidence has withered. The 1975-1990 civil war weakened the government’s ability to provide public services and provided further space for the private sector participation. PPP’s are not new in Lebanon; the country has a long history of private sector participation in the delivery of public infrastructure services especially in the electricity sector which traces back to concessions. The energy sector in Lebanon is a key contributor to the country’s current fiscal constraints. ...

Facebook profiles of the departed who were once active Facebook users are today being used as virtual space by family and friends to express their grief, connect with the deceased and engage in active memorials. The aim of this thesis is to explore how social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook are being used as a platform for grieving practices in Lebanon. It reveals through research how the Lebanese death rituals are being translated into the virtual world. It also discovers virtual bereavement behaviour and its effects on the stages of grief through the lens of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. ...

This article is based on a discussion of the scientific concept of ‘Subjectivity’ as proposed by Father George F. McLean, former head of the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy (CRVP) at Catholic University, Washington DC. The suggestions contained herein are derived from a Taufer understanding of the concept of the secular state and the "Diaspora Church" taken from the writings of Hans-Juergen Goertz, Paul Peachey, Ernst Troeltsch and John Howard Yoder. Furthermore, it demonstrates that, given an Abrahamic understanding of God, as well as a subjective approach to both state and church, ...

A current survey by UNHCR counted 65 million refugees worldwide. Many of them are seeking security and improved economical chances in industrial countries. The overwhelming numbers took most of the European countries and governments by surprise. Despite international moral and humanitarian obligation, refugee welcome culture and integration policies are nonetheless facing many challenges when confronted with the day to day reality. Refugees and asylum seekers from Syria make up the largest group of arrivals in Germany both in 2015 and 2016. Learning the language, one of the most important factors ...

Online dating services replaced traditional matchmaking tools. The internet gave individuals the opportunity to be their own matchmakers and experience new online identities leaving room for different methods in the presentation of self. There are many studies done on the topic of online dating services however, none of them has discussed it in terms of identity, framing and its role in Lebanon. Using the uses and gratification and the framing theories this thesis examined how Lebanese adults frame themselves on online dating websites and applications and the gratifications they get from their ...

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of cyberbullying on various coping mechanisms such as drug abuse and depression among a sample of 251 Lebanese students, aged 17 to 31, and are enrolled in universities across the country. Using a quantitative method and guided by the transactional model for stress and coping theory, a link to a survey was electronically sent to the respondents through different social media platforms. Results show that some respondents are aware of the consequences behind cyberbullying, specifically the extreme ones (such as alcohol or drug addiction as ...

Purpose: This study has two main purposes. First, Assess and compare the predictive ability of the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average EWMA, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity EGARCH (1, 1), the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity EGARCH (1, 1), and the Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle Generalized Autoregressive Conditional heteroscedasticity GJR-GARCH. Second, Value at Risk is calculated using the Historical Simulation approach and the Extreme Value Theory. Methodology, Design and Approach: The models’ parameters are estimated from ...

Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year and 20 to 50 million people are injured or disabled. This made automated car accident prevention and detection a topic of extreme interest worldwide. However, as of yet, the different systems that have been proposed and implemented, do not take underdeveloped countries into account despite their greater need. This is probably due to the fact that this problem is already hard enough to tackle without adding more constraints to it. In addition, these constraints have not been identified and lack of awareness regarding the importance of this ...