This study describes the effects and effectiveness of explicit instruction of grammar on first year translation students’ writing skills enhancing transfer and hedging interference. First year translation students in a French-medium university in Lebanon study English, the target language, as both a means and an end. While communicative teaching methodologies look down upon and heavily criticize explicit instruction, students with French as their L2 have always felt safe given grammar rules, hoping to apply them right away. In order to increasing students’ metacognitive awareness, explicit ...

Using framing theory, this study will examine how the United States (U.S.) government uses film as propaganda to justify its successful encroachment of Iraq and Afghanistan. After the U.S.’s failure to achieve its goals in Iraq and Afghanistan, it has been using the film medium to frame the images of the U.S. soldiers and represent them as patriotic and sacrificial, while distorting the image of both Iraqis and Afghanis. The propaganda film has always been used as a tool for mass manipulation by many nations, among them the U.S.. The films American Sniper, The Hurt Locker and Lone Survivor portray ...

The focus of this thesis research revolves around two hypotheses in an attempt to find out which is more accurate in today’s globalized and industrialized world. The first hypothesis looks at oil as bringing harm to the Arab world, while the second one considers oil as being a blessing and a tool of development. Oil, despite the numerous benefits and blessings that it brought to the Arab world, according to scholars, has also had a negative impact on the political landscape and socioeconomic conditions of several Arab Countries. This research intends to highlight the pros and cons related to ...

Purpose – this paper aims to understand how familiar the Lebanese are with environmentally friendly FMCG and explore the major factors affecting behavior towards these products. In addition to understanding who the Lebanese green conscious consumer is. Ultimately, to have a distinctive study available in Lebanon as a reference for future studies. Design/methodology/approach – this research is mainly confirmatory since it is based on a previous research; however it has an explanatory aspect as well since there were no similar studies published in Lebanon. A deductive approach is used since ...

“We lived on farms, then we lived in cities, and now were going to live on the internet!” This quote is taken from the Academy Award-winning film The Social Network (Imbd.com, 2010) and can be viewed as a representation of the current trends of our modern society. The rise of Internet usage and new technology is causing the world to move towards digital media which has led to the development and facilitation of blogs. Although the history of blogs is short, they have evolved into a valid and popular medium encouraging debates and allowing individuals to share their interests, provide suggestions, ...

Linguists, grammarians and professors seek to come to an apt and final approach to grammar teaching to Foreign Language learners. Studies about language acquisition investigate the non-referential it in the theoretical framework of the pro-drop parameter and researchers limit the findings that deal with the non-referential it strictly to the English language. The specific problem this study addresses is how to accommodate the needs of implicit or explicit instruction of grammar of established grammatical approaches to the needs of French L2 students learning intermediate level English as a third ...

Purpose: This research attempts to study employee job satisfaction at Notre Dame University-Louaize. It examines the existence of potential variations of perception with respect to demographic variables, such as age, gender, tenure, position, education and contact with students. Design/methodology/approach: This research is a case of study that uses the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire as a quantitative data collection tool. The philosophical approach is positivism and deductive reasoning approach. Findings: Level of employee satisfaction is associated with demographic variables. ...

Durability is a term that has widely affected the design industry in general and the graphic design industry in particular over the last decade. It has given the design profession in general a problem-solving aspect and a fundamental role in creating and promoting more responsible design solutions. In the graphic field, a logo design plays a partial but important role in the communication of an identity: A logo is for “identification” of a business or product in its simplest form. Case studies show that logo design is not durable. It is periodically re-designed, as an attempt to update the ...

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine war and the United States' behaviors and actions during the Ukraine crisis in order to understand why the conflict resulted in a geopolitical power struggle. Because the current debate is rife with biased information and propaganda, this thesis seeks to objectively observe the behaviors and actions of both sides in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the crisis. It is qualitative because it investigates this specific conflict using multiple sources to gain an in-depth understanding ...

The first cooperative efforts toward international action were made in the twentieth century in order to prevent the spread of diseases from one region to another. The subsequent institutionalization of these efforts gave birth to the World Health Organization. As the necessity for a single worldwide health system came to be recognized and felt as a pressing need to preserve the highest standards of health, WHO was seen as a way to satisfy this need. Also, the concept of "health for all", embodied by WHO, is fundamental to the attainment of peace, welfare and security of nations. The assumption ...