The objective of this thesis is to study and analyze the "New Law of Governorates not Incorporated into a Region" which approved the principle of Administration Decentralization in Iraq and to offer contributions and recommendations for it. This thesis, deals with the varied experience and efforts in foresting "Administrative Decentralization and Good Governance" in Iraq after 2003, because this system touches directly the life of people as it enhances public participation in local politics. Following the approval of the New Law and the empowerment of local authorities and the fostering of the ...
Al Khoury, Elise(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2023-05)
This thesis examines the influence of governmental incapacity on the rise of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Lebanon, with a particular focus on the case study of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI). The research sheds light on the limitations faced by the government in effectively addressing environmental challenges, and how these limitations have contributed to the emergence and growth of NGOs as crucial actors in the environmental sector.
Through a comprehensive analysis of the powers and capabilities of the Ministry-related governmental bodies, this study ...
Seventeen years after the Taef Summit, which was held in Saudi Arabia in October 1989, the reconciliation agreement remains a debatable issue among the Lebanese people, basically among the major Libanese political parties. some have opposed this agreement and others, particularly the Lebanese Forces, have supported and promoted it on both the national and the sectarian levels. For instance, such agreements are not intended to be an end by themselves rather than means, which lead the Lebanese people to coexist peacefully and build a strong system. The Lebanese Forces and the Taef Accord study ...
The thesis aims at clarifying matters relevant to the finances of the municipalities in Lebanon. There is a lot of reformation that needs to take place, and several projects need to execute. There is a need to be aware of the distribution of the monetary allocations to the municipals through the fiscal authority in Lebanon, this comprises from the municipalities right to taxes as well as the municipals private sources of funds. Both revenues work on the enhancement of the service provided to the Lebanese people and the deliverability of the development projects. Initially, this thesis will begin ...
This research explores the extent to which decentralized governance has influenced the management of Lebanon’s protracted crisis. Through a case study of the Municipality of Beddawi’s response to the Syrian Refugee crisis with a recognition of the interlinked health (COVID19) and security crises (recent Israeli raids), and through adopting a combined multi-level governance and network governance approach, the study investigates the interplay between vertical and horizontal structures and actors in the management of the crisis. The focus is primarily on municipal capacity, accountability mechanisms, ...
This study uses a structured literature review to begin an extensive investigation of human rights in Iran. The paper explores women's rights and the startlingly high rate of violence against Iranian women, concentrating on important features. Examining the workings of two major revolutions—the anti-Shah movement and the contemporary state violence entwined with the Green Movement—it analyzes the dynamics of protest policing. Furthermore, the research deconstructs the sociocultural shifts that have shaped Iran's human rights environment and looks at rights violations, including UN denunciations. ...
This master's thesis examines the effectiveness of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing gender-based violence in Lebanon, with a specific focus on the services they provide. The research employs a questionnaire-based method, which was administered to both employees and employers of various NGOs in the country. The study investigates the current landscape of services offered to survivors of gender-based violence and aims to identify existing gaps in this crucial area. The findings of this research highlight a stark reality: the services available for gender-based violence survivors ...
Sensenig, Eugene Richard(The Lebanese Emigration Research Center (LERC) - Notre Dame University Louaize, 2025)
Despite the significant presence of foreign nationals in Lebanon, their experiences and challenges, particularly during times of crisis have been under-researched. The ongoing instability in the Levant since 2023, marked by a significant escalation in violence with the cross-border conflict with Israel that began on 8 October 2023, has further exposed their vulnerabilities. The Lebanese Emigration Research Center (LERC) is launching this series of factsheets to address the challenges faced by foreign nationals during these crises. These factsheets aim to inform policymakers, researchers, ...
Developing countries are participating in the space economy irrespective of being spacefaring states or not. This participation should be organized for national benefit ranging from maintaining sovereignty to economic development. Since the interests of developing countries regarding space law differ from developed and spacefaring states and since this topic has not yet been touched in literature, I am focusing this work on building a guide on what developing non-spacefaring states need to know about space law.
Energy security, defined as uninterrupted access to affordable energy, is essential for modern societies. Uneven distribution of energy resources creates reliance between resource-rich and resource-scarce countries. This thesis examines European Union (EU) strategies for securing gas supplies and reducing dependence on Russia. Historically, gas trade between the EU and Russia evolved from interdependence to European dependence. Currently, Russia leverages its gas exports as an energy weapon, creating vulnerability for the EU. This study analyzes the EU-Russia gas trade relation, in which the EU ...
Abi Rached, Carole(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2023-06)
The present study investigates how alterations in social and economic dynamics have contributed to the emergence of populism in Europe and influenced its socio-political outcomes. The study commences by establishing a lucid comprehension of populism, tracing its historical trends in Europe, and delineating its fundamental attributes. Subsequently, the text explores the effects of alterations in social and economic dynamics. The thesis employs a comparative case study analysis of Germany, France, and Sweden to furnish empirical evidence and a more profound comprehension of the subject matter. ...
El Hachem, Sahar(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2023-09)
This thesis delves into the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine, specifically focusing on Pillar three. Pillar three presents the greatest challenge among the components of the doctrine, as it grants authorization for the use of force and involves the delicate balance between safeguarding human rights and interfering in states' sovereignty. The research investigates the influence of political dynamics within the permanent five members of the UN Security Council on the adoption of resolutions pertaining to military intervention.
The primary objective is to cultivate a well-informed and balanced ...
The Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon, commonly known as Tashnag, are two organizations that are highlighted specifically in this thesis' examination of the phenomena of social democratic parties' downfall. Since its independence, confessional politics have molded Lebanon's political landscape, with a consociational structure that gives representation to the nation's 18 minority groups. Political parties in Lebanon were generally based on non-sectarian ideas before the civil war in 1975, however this thesis emphasizes the change in party ...
Njaim, Maria E.(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2015)
This thesis seeks to analyze the role of regional organizations, specifically the European Union in dealing with external crisis. Furthermore, the research will focus on the development of EU treaties and mechanisms that influenced its foreign policy and security and defense policies in the context of foreign intervention. This study will target two considerations that are required for international involvement. Two case studies, which are the Kosovo Crisis and Ukraine Crisis, will be compared to reflect on the considerations that affected the European Union decision to intervene and the different ...
This thesis is composed of eight chapters. Chapter one is an introduction. Chapter two is an overview of the historical background of Hezbolla; second, the Iranian and Syrian factor; third, the party's ideology and structure; and fourth, the party's resistance, hostage taking, and suicide bombings. Chapter three concentrates on the religious ideology and strategy of Hezbollah, with an overview of the Shiites' beliefs. The following three chapters, four, five, six, analyze the efforts Hezbollah put into its political transformation. For that purpose, three points are in focus: the party's ...
Al Helou, Hoda W.(Notre Dame University-Louaize, 2015)
The central subject in the South China Sea is over who has power and rule over the islands and their adjacent waters as well as independent right and influence in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf determined from the islands, low-tide elevations, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, maritime boundary delimitation and dispute settlement are all valid and support in resolving and highlighting the issue of the South China Sea. The ASEAN claimants, mostly since 2009, have gone through several procedures and modifications in their demands to clarify their claims trying ...
The impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War on European security dynamics cannot be underestimated. This research provides an extensive analysis of how this war has affected various aspects across eight chapters. It delves into regional dynamics with a special focus on how countries like those in the Baltic region have responded to changing security threats by prioritizing defense measures and promoting cooperation within their region. Additionally, it considers NATO's role in managing security implications generated by this conflict while emphasizing that achieving credible deterrence without unintended ...
This research paper explores the different methods and means utilized in Russian foreign policy as Moscow, under Vladimir Putin’s leadership, attempts to restore a multipolar international system. Putin’s rise to power has seen a restoration of national Russian identity and a diversified approach to the execution of foreign policy. This study has compiled and analyzed evidence, facts, and documents to portray how the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2015 military intervention in Syria are pivotal in the general trend observed in Russian foreign policy under Putin. By applying Neorealist and ...