The emergence of BRICS countries as a global economic and political force has challenged the existing world order. This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of BRICS countries' cooperation in various areas, such as economic development, political collaboration, and strategic cooperation. The study examines the formation of BRICS, their historical and political context, and their evolution as an influential global group. It also analyzes the opportunities and challenges that BRICS countries face in shaping global governance structures. The thesis concludes that BRICS countries' rise ...

International Non-Governmental Organizations' (INGOs) contributions to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a subject that has gained great attention within the academic and practical fields. The human rights INGOs have a leading role in contributing to the SDGs as recognized by the 2030 agenda with a particular focus on developing countries. Lebanon as a developing country has committed to the achievement of the 17 SDGs in 2015 and is considered on its average performance. The main role of INGOs in developing countries is to ensure that the 17 global SDGs can be translated from the ...

The present study investigates how alterations in social and economic dynamics have contributed to the emergence of populism in Europe and influenced its socio-political outcomes. The study commences by establishing a lucid comprehension of populism, tracing its historical trends in Europe, and delineating its fundamental attributes. Subsequently, the text explores the effects of alterations in social and economic dynamics. The thesis employs a comparative case study analysis of Germany, France, and Sweden to furnish empirical evidence and a more profound comprehension of the subject matter. ...

Political grief is a type of shared sadness that happens in the wake of perceived unfair or avoidable occurrences. It is a shared emotion that affects individuals, communities, and countries. The goal of the thesis is to research the psychological and emotional impacts of political mourning on individuals and communities, relate it to human rights, and look at how political grief manifests itself after a terrible incident. This thesis examines the idea of political grieving in Lebanon in the wake of the 2020 Beirut explosion, which resulted in more than 200 fatalities, tens of thousands of ...

The impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War on European security dynamics cannot be underestimated. This research provides an extensive analysis of how this war has affected various aspects across eight chapters. It delves into regional dynamics with a special focus on how countries like those in the Baltic region have responded to changing security threats by prioritizing defense measures and promoting cooperation within their region. Additionally, it considers NATO's role in managing security implications generated by this conflict while emphasizing that achieving credible deterrence without unintended ...

This thesis examines the influence of governmental incapacity on the rise of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Lebanon, with a particular focus on the case study of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI). The research sheds light on the limitations faced by the government in effectively addressing environmental challenges, and how these limitations have contributed to the emergence and growth of NGOs as crucial actors in the environmental sector. Through a comprehensive analysis of the powers and capabilities of the Ministry-related governmental bodies, this study ...

This dissertation examines the multi-sector impact of the 2023–2025 Lebanon war and evaluates the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and United Nations agencies in the humanitarian response and early recovery. Drawing on systematic secondary data from the World Bank Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (2025), the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Food Programme, UNDP, OCHA, INSS, CSIS, TIMEP, and a range of humanitarian and security think-tanks, the dissertation documents USD 6.8 billion in direct physical damages, USD 7.2 billion in economic losses, and a total reconstruction ...